<p>It is often believed that breastfeeding is a natural process that requires no preparation before birth. But in reality, soon after delivery, many mothers face unexpected challenges: cracked nipples, low milk supply, or babies developing jaundice due to dehydration. These issues can impact a newborn&#39;s health, leading to hospital stays, poor weight gain, and, most importantly, separation of mother and child, which may affect the baby&#39;s brain development in the long run.</p><p>Here&#39;s the good news: most of these problems can be prevented by one essential step—early initiation of breastfeeding and correct attachment of the baby to the breast, also known as latching. </p><p><strong>So, what is a latch?</strong><strong>  </strong></p><p>Latching refers to how a baby attaches to the mother&#39;s breast for feeding. A proper latch allows effective milk transfer from mother to baby. If the latch or positioning is incorrect, the baby may not receive enough milk, leading to dehydration, weight loss, and reduced milk production. Unfortunately, many mothers don&#39;t realise their baby isn&#39;t latched properly until the situation worsens. By then, it may be too late—because the hormones responsible for milk production begin to decline if the baby isn&#39;t nursing effectively within the first few days. </p><p>Breastfeeding works on a demand-and-supply basis: the more the baby feeds, the more milk the mother&#39;s body produces. If the baby is not feeding well due to a poor latch, milk supply may decrease over time.</p><p>To support successful breastfeeding, it&#39;s important to understand the stages of milk production. Interruptions during these natural phases can make breastfeeding more difficult.</p><ul><li><strong>Preparation Phase</strong>: During pregnancy, hormonal changes prepare the breasts to produce milk.</li><li><strong>Initiation Phase:</strong> Starting around the third month of pregnancy, the breasts begin to produce the first milk—colostrum.</li><li><strong>Milk Secretion Phase:</strong> This begins shortly after birth and lasts 2–3 days. The baby&#39;s sucking stimulates the release of prolactin, a hormone that drives milk production. If the baby doesn&#39;t feed effectively during this period, prolactin levels can drop, reducing future milk supply. </li><li><strong>Maintenance Phase:</strong> Around two weeks after birth, regular and effective feeding ensures ongoing milk production. The more frequently the baby nurses, the more milk is made.</li></ul><p>The first hour after birth—often called the <em>Golden Hour</em>—is a critical time for initiating breastfeeding. During this period, a surge in maternal hormones helps produce colostrum, a nutrient-rich milk often referred to as the baby&#39;s first vaccine. Early skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding help stabilise the baby&#39;s temperature, reduce the mother&#39;s postpartum bleeding, and establish a strong emotional bond between mother and child.</p><p>Unfortunately, this golden opportunity is often missed, sometimes due to post-delivery separation or a lack of guidance. Many mothers don&#39;t receive proper instruction on how to position and latch their baby, leading to delayed milk production and bonding.</p><p>Breastfeeding is more than nourishment; it&#39;s a powerful emotional experience. When a baby suckles, the mother&#39;s body releases oxytocin, often called the <em>love hormone</em>. In Urdu, we call this deep maternal affection <em>mamtaa</em>. This bond strengthens when mothers feel confident, supported, and informed about breastfeeding, especially during the early days.</p><p>This is where lactation consultants play a vital role. International Board-Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) are specially trained to support mothers through breastfeeding challenges. They offer personalised guidance on correct latching and positioning, help troubleshoot problems, and provide emotional support during a time that can feel overwhelming.</p><p>Breastfeeding is a shared responsibility. A successful experience often involves the support of the entire family, including the husband and the family. Encouragement, understanding, and practical help from loved ones can make a world of difference.</p><p>As a lactation consultant, I strongly encourage all new or struggling mothers to seek help early, ideally within the first 15 days after birth. Early support can ensure a proper latch, prevent complications, and build confidence for a fulfilling breastfeeding journey.</p><p>At the Aga Khan University Hospital, our team of certified IBCLCs has helped countless mothers meet their breastfeeding goals. With the right support, knowledge, and care, breastfeeding can be a smooth and deeply rewarding experience—for both mother and child.
</p><p><strong>Author: </strong>Kiran Mubeen, Lactation Consultant (IBCLC), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,​ The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
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