​Testic​ular Cancer

Testicular cancer is the uncontrolled growth of harmful cancerous cells in the male sex glands. These glands (called testicles) are the two round shaped objects located in the skin sac under the penis, and are responsible for producing the male sex hormones and sperm for reproduction.

Testicular cancer is easily treatable, if diagnosed early by routine self-examination.

Factors such as family history, birth abnormalities of the testicles, race and age play an important role in increasing the risk of this form of cancer.​​

Testicular cancer may present with various symptoms, including:

  • Lump or Enlargement: A painless lump or swelling in either testicle.
  • Heaviness in the Scrotum: A feeling of heaviness or dragging in the scrotum.
  • Dull Ache: A dull ache in the abdomen or groin.
  • Sudden Fluid Collection: A sudden accumulation of fluid in the scrotum.
  • Pain or Discomfort: Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum.
  • Breast Changes: Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts.
  • Back Pain: Pain in the back, which may indicate advanced disease.

It's important to note that these symptoms can be caused by conditions other than testicular cancer. Therefore, it's essential to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.​​​

Consult our Urology or Oncology experts if you experience:

  • A lump or swelling in either testicle.
  • Persistent pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum.
  • A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum.
  • A dull ache in the abdomen or groin.​

Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Regular self-examinations can help identify changes early.​

Your time with your doctor may be limited, so make sure to prepare for your visit beforehand. Here are some tips to help get you started.​

To diagnose testicular cancer, your healthcare provider may recommend:

  • Physical Examination: To check for lumps, swelling, or tenderness in the testicles and abdomen.
  • Ultrasound: To create an image of the scrotum and testicles, helping to determine the nature of any lumps.
  • Blood Tests: To measure tumor markers that may indicate the presence of cancer.
  • Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy: Surgical removal of the affected testicle for examination to confirm the diagnosis.
These tests help determine the presence and extent of cancer, guiding treatment decisions.​

Treatment options for testicular cancer depend on the type and stage of the cancer and may include:

  • Surgery: Removal of the affected testicle (orchiectomy) and possibly nearby lymph nodes.
  • Radiation Therapy: Using high-dose X-rays to destroy cancer cells, commonly used for certain types of testicular cancer.
  • Chemotherapy: Utilizing drugs to kill cancer cells, especially if cancer has spread beyond the testicle.
The choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the specific characteristics of the cancer and the patient's overall health.​

The Aga Khan University Hospital offers various support services to help with managing or recovering from the disease or condition. These include but are not limited to nutrition, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, specialised clinics and some patient support groups. Your doctor or nurse will advise you accordingly.

The Aga Khan University Hospital offers financial assistance to those who are in need and fulfil the eligibility criteria. For further information, you can contact the Patient Welfare Department. You can find the contact number of the Patient Welfare Department in the 'Numbers' section on the website homepage.

The financial counselling staff is available during office hours, at the main PBSD (Patient Business Services Department), to answer your financial queries on treatment costs and authorise admissions on partial deposit as per hospital policies. The financial counsellor in the emergency room is open 24/7. You can find the contact number of the Patient Business Services in the 'Numbers' section on the website homepage.​

Your doctor or nurse will provide specific instructions regarding any prescribed medications. It is essential to follow their guidance carefully. Self-prescribing or altering medication without professional advice can be harmful. Inform your healthcare provider of any past adverse reactions to medications. If you experience symptoms of drug poisoning, overdose, or a severe reaction, contact the Pharmacy Services at The Aga Khan University Hospital immediately. The contact number is listed in the 'Numbers' section on the hospital's homepage.​
​
​​​The information provided on our website is for educational purposes and not intended to be a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other healthcare professional provider.