​Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is a disorder of the vestibular system, that is, the system associated with parts of the inner ear and brain that help control balance and eye movements. It is the most common vestibular disorder, leading to recurrent episodes of vertigo (a feeling of spinning of the head). The spinning sensation usually lasts for a few minutes and stops on its own, though there may be repeated episodes later.

BPPV (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo) is not associated with any serious illness, hence being called 'benign' and it is recurrent and comes and goes, and hence it is called 'paroxysmal'. Patients cannot predict when a BPPV episode will occur, leading to much frustration. However, it is not a serious disorder, with the only risk being that of the patient falling due to vertigo. Although benign paroxysmal positional vertigo can affect individuals of any age, it is more common in older people over the age of 60.

This disorder occurs due to the dislodgement of small, micro-sized calcium crystals called otoconia from their usual location, into one of the ear's semi-circular canals. When the position of the head is changed relative to gravity (such as when looking up or down, rolling over in bed, or due to any sudden head movement, head injury or tilting of the head), it triggers the otoconia to move, resulting in displacement of fluid in the semi-circular canal, leading to the sensation of spinning or vertigo. While there are no definite reasons or events which will result in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, prolonged reorientation of the head due to certain activities or causes can act as triggers for this disease. Some of these include:​

• Mild or severe head injury.
  

• Keeping the head in a tilted position for a long time, such as while sitting on the hair dresser’s chair.
  

• High intensity workouts and exercises.
  

• Amusement park ride.
  

• Vestibular migraines.

Besides these, viral infections, complication in an ear surgery, ear infections or medicinal side effects may also trigger the onset of this disorder​.

When to seek expert advise

If you frequently experience episodes of vertigo which interfere with your daily activities, or if you have experienced a severe spinning sensation resulting in a fall or nausea, consult a doctor working with the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat​ Service Line​ at The Aga Khan University Hospital to get an expert medical opinion and guaranteed quality health care. 

Sudden problems with balance, sudden severe headache, confusion, dizziness, periodically recurring vertigo and severe nausea or vomiting must not be ignored and it is advisable to consult your doctor to discuss these symptoms. If your vertigo and nausea interfere with your normal daily activities, it demands immediate medical attention.

At The Aga Khan University Hospital the only internationally accredited hospital of Pakistan, you can be confident of receiving multidisciplinary care under one roof to help personalize a treatment plan for you. The internationally accredited staff at the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Service Line can provide you with professional medical advice to relieve you from discomfort associated with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. With our commitment to quality healthcare, you can discuss your symptoms with your doctor at The Aga Khan University Hospital in complete confidence and receive personalized treatment and care.​

Imagery