Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer affects the lungs in your body, the organ that is responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide (the process of breathing), and is the leading cause of death worldwide. There are two main types of lung cancers:

Small cell lung cancer: this type of cancer grows and spreads rapidly and has two stages based on when it is discovered and treated. When found in only one lung it is at the limited stage. However, it is considered to be at the extensive stage if found in both lungs and other parts of the body. This form of cancer is mostly found in heavy smokers.

Non-small cell lung cancer: this is the more common form of lung cancer, as a number of different types of cancers are grouped under non-small cell lung cancer since they behave in the same way, even though they affect different types of cells. There are three main types of non-small cell lung cancer:

• Squamous cell carcinoma: begins in the middle of the lungs where it affects the squamous cells
  

• Large cell carcinoma: affects large cells and may begin anywhere in the lung, spreading rapidly
  

• Adenocarcinoma: common amongst people whose cancer is not a result of smoking, it begins in the outer edges of the lung.

Risk factors typically associated with lung cancer include:

• Smoking or second hand smoke
  

• Exposure to radon or asbestos
  

• Exposure to toxic elements at the workplace such as radioactive substances, arsenic, coal, chromium, nickel or diesel exhaust
  

• Family history of lung cancer

When to seek expert advise

​If you find any of the signs and symptoms associated with lung cancer, consult your family doctor. If your doctor fears that there may be indications of non-small cell lung cancer he/she will refer you to a specialist. You can consult the qualified staff of the Oncology Service Line at the Aga Khan University Hospital.

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