Nonverbal Learning Disorder

Nonverbal learning disorder (NVLD) is a type of learning disorder that does not typically result in difficulties with speech or writing skill, but does cause complications in the development of social skills.

Children who have been diagnosed with this disorder usually have normal speech development and begin to talk around the expected age (around 2 years old). They also often possess great memorization skills which are required for reading and spelling. However one of the main symptoms of nonverbal learning disorder is that it causes difficulties with forming relationships, stemming from poor social skills. For instance, they may face difficulties because they tend to voice their opinions and views in a way that might be considered socially inappropriate. They have troubles comprehending social cues (e.g. subtle, nonverbal cues) that many take for granted; therefore they are often misunderstood by those who are unaware of their diagnosis. 

Furthermore, another trait is that those diagnosed with nonverbal learning disorder are usually poor visual learners, meaning that they struggle with comprehending and learning from the visual environment (e.g. body languages, facial expressions or tone of voice). Yet, these individuals tend to be great at memorizing and recalling information that they hear. 

When to seek expert advise

It might be difficult to notice the symptoms of nonverbal learning disorders at a young age. This is because like most children, they will tend to be very inquisitive and eager to learn. They often have great memory and verbal communication skills, meaning that they may be able to do sufficiently well early on at school. However, symptoms of NVLD become more noticeable as your child grows older. Higher order reasoning, relationship development, social situations, social cues and other nonverbal communication become more of a challenge and school may become a struggle. Your child may act out, or even develop anxiety or depression. 

If you notice any of these signs or other symptoms of NVLD, it is strongly advised that your take your child to a specialist (e.g. a psychologist or neuropsychologist) working with the Mind and Brain Service Line at The Aga Khan University Hospital to be evaluated and diagnosed. The sooner your child is diagnosed, the better the outcome of treatment.​​

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