Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid is a small gland located at the base of the neck, right above the breastbone, which produces the thyroid hormones. When solid or fluid-filled lumps (nodules) develop in this gland, it causes the disorder known as thyroid nodules. In most cases, thyroid nodules are non-cancerous.

Thyroid nodules are classified cold, warm, or hot, depending on whether they produce thyroid hormones or not. Cold nodules are those that do not produce thyroid hormones, warm nodules produce thyroid hormones like normal thyroid cells, while hot nodules overproduce thyroid hormones.

Iodine deficiency is one of the reasons leading to thyroid nodules. Other causes include overgrowth of thyroid tissue, chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland, enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency or any other thyroid disorder (goitre) and thyroid cancer, though chances of that are slim. 

Some thyroid nodules can be felt as a lump in the throat, but some may be hidden deep in the thyroid tissue, making them difficult to feel. They may also be seen as a lump in the front of the neck of thin individuals. The incidence of thyroid nodules increases with age and it is more common in women than in men, and in people who have a diet low in iodine.

When to seek expert advise

If you notice any unusual swelling or lumps in your throat or neck, get yourself evaluated by a ENT (Eye-Nose-Throat) specialist working with the Eye and ENT Service Line at The Aga Khan University Hospital. It is also important to get yourself checked by the doctor to assess the possibility of a thyroid cancer.

You must also seek professional medical help in case you notice signs of overproduction of thyroxine, such as unexplained weight loss, pounding heart, muscular weakness, trouble sleeping, nervousness or irritability. 

Doctors working with the Internal Medicine Service Line can provide you with additional information and medical advice.​

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