Brain Tumours in Children

Brain tumours are abnormal growth s of cells that form masses within brain tissue. They can develop in children of any age but are most commonly diagnosed in those under seven. The type of tumour is determined by the specific cells involved and its location in the brain, leading to various classifications.

• Malignant (cancerous): These tumours grow very rapidly and can also affect surrounding tissues and parts of the brain.
  

• Benign (non-cancerous): Their growth is slow and so they do not spread or affect surrounding areas of the brain
  

• Primary: Starts in the brain
  

• Metastatic: Starts in other parts of the body and spreads to the brain

When a brain tumour grows, it compresses other brain areas and bones and hinders the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), developing an internal pressure within the brain which is termed as intracranial pressure (ICP). Depending on its type, size and location in the brain, the tumour can become severe and cause certain neurological disorders.

When to seek expert advise

You may be referred to Neuro Surgery or Paediatric Oncology if your child experiences:​

• Frequent or worsening headaches that do not respond to usual pain relief.

• Seizures or sudden loss of consciousness.

• Persistent nausea or vomiting without an obvious cause.

• Vision changes, such as blurred or double vision.

• Difficulty speaking, moving, or maintaining balance.

• Unexplained mood or personality changes.

Early detection and treatment of brain tumours can significantly improve outcomes.​

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