Acoustic Neuroma​

Nerve fibres are insulated with special cells called Schwann cells, which improve conduction along the nervous pathways. The inner most part of your ear is directly connected to your brain by a nerve which transmits sound signals and balance information. When the Schwann cells specifically wrapped around this hearing and balance nerve begin to grow out of control, they form a tumour known as Acoustic Neuroma.

Acoustic neuroma has a benign (noncancerous) nature and is quite rare. This abnormal proliferation enlarges at a very slow rate or not at all, and by itself is not hazardous. However, as it is located in the skull, it has limited space to expand and when it does so rapidly, it may cause damage to the surrounding structures. It can press upon the hearing and balance nerve, facial nerve (which passes nearby from your face on its way to the brain) and the brainstem (contains vital centre for control of breathing and heart function). Thus, if left untreated it can lead to severe neurological impairment and may even be life-threatening.

An alternative name for this disease is Vestibular Schwannoma. Individuals afflicted with the inborn nervous system disorder Neurofibromatosis type 2, tend to develop acoustic neuromas in both ears, where a faulty gene is inherited. The genetic material malfunctions and does not produce the protein responsible for Schwann cell growth control, but why this abnormality occurs has not been identified. Previous exposure of head and neck to radiation is considered a risk factor.​

When to seek expert advise

None of these symptoms should be taken lightly. They can resemble other diseases so it is always best to get them medically examined. You may consult the Mind and Brain Service Line at The Aga Khan University Hospital for optimal assessment. An early diagnosis can catch the tumour before it has a chance to cause any serious complications.

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