Delirium

Delirium is a disturbance in your mental capabilities that results in confused thinking and reduced awareness of your environment. The start of delirium is usually rapid, it occurs within a few hours or days. Delirium is usually temporary and reversible, and is most often caused by physical or mental illness. Disorders that may inhibit the supply of oxygen to the brain can cause delirium.

There are three main types of delirium.

• Hyperactive delirium: this includes restlessness, agitation, rapid mood changes or hallucinations.

• Hypoactive delirium: this includes inactivity or reduced motor activity, sluggishness, abnormal drowsiness or seeming to be in a daze.

• Mixed delirium: this includes both hyperactive and hypoactive symptoms. You may quickly switch back and forth from one state to the other.

Common causes of delirium include:

• Alcohol or drug withdrawal

• Drug abuse

• Electrolyte or other chemical imbalances in the body

• Infections such as urinary tract infections or pneumonia

• Exposure to poisons

• Surgery

• Brain tumour

• Head injury

• Metabolic disturbances

When to seek expert advice

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of delirium, seek help from your doctor working with the Section of Neurology at The Aga Khan University Hospital. You can safely and privately discuss your symptoms, gain advice and receive personalised treatment and care.​