Reflux Nephropathy

Reflux nephropathy, also called vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back up the ureters (tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder) into the kidneys, causing kidney damage and scarring. Normally, urine flows from the kidneys, through the ureters, into the bladder. Each ureter has a one-way flap that stops the urine from flowing back up the ureter. There are two type of reflux nephropathy:

• Primary reflux nephropathy occurs due to a defect in the one-way flap (which ensures unidirectional flow of urine) present at birth (congenital). Primary reflux nephropathy often resolves on its own as your child grows. This is the most common type of reflux nephropathy

• Secondary reflux nephropathy occurs due to a blockage in the bladder or urethra which forces the urine to flow backwards into the kidney. It can be caused by surgery, injury or a past infection. Though it can occur at any age, it is more common in children who have other birth defects such as spina bifida (a birth defect in which bones of the spine fail to form properly around the spinal cord)

This disease is more prevalent in girls and in children with a family history of reflux nephropathy. White children are more susceptible to this disease as compared to black children.

When to seek expert advise

Visit our highly professional doctors at the Department of Paediatrics at The Aga Khan University Hospital the only internationally accredited hospital in Pakistan, if you notice any of the above mentioned symptoms in your child.