Antibiotics

Antibiotics are medicines used to treat bacterial infections. They work by either killing bacteria or slowing down their growth. Understanding how to use them correctly can help make your treatment safer and more effective.

Why are antibiotics important?

Antibiotics help treat bacterial infections and prevent them from worsening. However, not all infections require antibiotics. For example, antibiotics do not work against viral infections such as the common cold and flu. Your doctor will determine whether you need antibiotics based on your symptoms, medical history and, if necessary, laboratory test results.

How does my doctor decide whether I need antibiotics?

Your doctor may recommend certain laboratory tests before prescribing antibiotics. These tests can help determine whether your infection is caused by bacteria and, where appropriate, identify which antibiotic is likely to work best.

Depending on your condition and test results, your doctor may change your antibiotic during treatment.

What information should I share with my doctor to ensure safer antibiotic treatment?

Inform your doctor about any known allergies, particularly allergies to antibiotics or other medicines.

You should also provide a list of all the medicines you are currently taking, including prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins and other supplements. Some medicines can interact with antibiotics, so sharing this information helps your doctor prescribe the most appropriate treatment.

What are the side effects of antibiotics?

Antibiotics can cause mild to serious side effects. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and changes in taste.

If you experience any side effects or suspect an allergic reaction, contact your doctor for advice. Seek immediate medical attention if you develop difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or other signs of a severe allergic reaction.

What is the best way to take antibiotics?

• Wash your hands before handling or taking your medicine.

• Take your antibiotic at the prescribed times and follow your doctor's instructions.

• If you miss a dose, follow the instructions provided with your medicine or ask your pharmacist or doctor what to do. Do not double your next dose unless specifically instructed.

• Take the antibiotic for the duration prescribed by your doctor. Do not stop, extend or change your treatment without consulting your doctor.

What questions should I ask my doctor about my prescribed antibiotic?

Consider asking your doctor the following questions:

• Is this antibiotic safe to take with my other medicines, vitamins or supplements?

• Are there any special instructions I should follow when taking this antibiotic? For example, should I take it with food or on an empty stomach?

• What side effects should I look out for, and when should I seek medical attention?

• How will we know whether the antibiotic is working?

• What should I do if I miss a dose or my symptoms do not improve?