Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia (that is, a group of diseases associated with loss of memory and intellectual abilities). It is a progressive disease, meaning that symptoms start out slowly and eventually get worse.

Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia. The exact cause of Alzheimer’s is not known, although in some cases is believed to be genetic. The brain cells degenerate and die, leading to decline in mental functions and memory loss.

The disease is divided into four stages, which are as follows:

• Pre-dementia: This is the stage before the disease actually sets in. It includes short term memory loss, and is often mistaken as a normal sign of ageing.

• Early stages: During this stage, a definite diagnosis of dementia is made. Older memories are retained but you will have difficulty forming and retaining new ones.

• Moderate: During this stage, the disease has progressed beyond the early stages and it will start to affect your life in many ways. Loss of motor functions will hinder movement, and you will face speech difficulties, memory problems, and ability to read and write.

• Advanced: This is the final stage of the disease, leading to imminent death. Although Alzheimer’s is not the cause of death, a related condition such as infection or pneumonia will worsen your physical condition. At this stage, you will be entirely dependent on caregivers.

When to seek expert advise

If you or a loved one is facing memory loss or other related symptoms, it is recommended that you consult with a doctor immediately. You can obtain additional information and expert medical advice from the Section of Neurology at The Aga Khan University Hospital.