​​​Pleural Effusion

Pleural Effusion is an abnormal build-up of fluid in the space around the lungs. Two thin membranes, known as the pleura, line the surface of the lungs and the chest. If you have pleural effusion, the space between these membranes gets filled with excessive fluid.

There are a number of causes of pleural effusion:

• Heart failure
  

• Tuberculosis
  

• Pneumonia
  

• Pulmonary embolism (blood clot)
  

• Cancer
  

• Liver disease
  

• Nephrotic syndrome (a type of kidney disorder)
  

• Autoimmune diseases such as lupus (where the body’s own immune system attacks itself)

There are two types of pleural effusions. The first is known as transudative pleural effusion, and is caused by fluid leakage into the pleural space due to an increased pressure in the blood vessels or low levels of protein in the blood. The other is exudative pleural effusion, caused by tumours, infection/inflammation and lung injury.​

When to seek expert advise

If you are experiencing chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing, visit your doctor immediately. These symptoms might indicate an underlying problem that requires immediate medical attention. The Section of Pulmonology and Critical Care​ at The Aga Khan University Hospital is committed to providing quality treatment and provides multidisciplinary medical care under one roof.