Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a disorder experienced by women who have menstrual periods. The inner lining of the uterus is called the endometrium. This is normally shed during a woman’s monthly menstrual cycle through her vagina. If you are suffering from endometriosis, this lining develops in other places such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina or the intestine.

The exact cause of endometriosis is not known, but it is believed to occur when the uterus lining moves backwards through the fallopian tubes and passes through the pelvic cavity, which is the space inside the pelvis containing the reproductive organs. The endometrium may form on the surface of the reproductive organs, and bleed out during the menstruation cycle. This causes the surrounding tissues to become inflamed. It may also cause formation of scar tissues as well as cysts in the ovaries.

A common reason for endometriosis is thought to be surgery. Sometimes a c-section or hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) may cause these endometrial cells to attach themselves to the scar. It may also be due to an immune system disorder, in which case your body’s immune system is unable to identify and destroy abnormal endometrial cells.

When to seek expert advice

Consult our experts from Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology or Section of Endocrinology if you experience:

• Severe menstrual cramps that interfere with daily activities.

• Pain that persists despite over-the-counter pain relief.

• Difficulty conceiving after trying for a year.

• Symptoms that worsen over time.

Early diagnosis can help in managing symptoms and improving quality of life.