​Scoliosis​

Under normal circumstances the spine is straight; however, if you or your child has scoliosis the spine will get curved in the upper or middle section. The size of the curve differs. Smaller curves are more common than larger ones.

The disease affects girls more severely than boys. It most commonly starts after the age of ten but can also develop in much younger children and even babies.

Although the exact cause is unknown it is not believed to be caused by posture or physical activity. ​​

The signs and symptoms of scoliosis may vary depending on the severity of the spinal curve. Common symptoms include:

  • Uneven shoulders, with one appearing higher than the other
  • A visibly curved spine
  • One hip higher than the other, causing an uneven waist
  • Prominent ribs on one side when bending forward
  • Back pain, especially in adults
  • Fatigue due to muscle strain from spinal misalignment

In severe cases, scoliosis can lead to breathing difficulties and reduced chest expansion, affecting lung function.

Consult our Orthopaedic Surgery or Physiotherapy experts if you experience:

  • A noticeable and progressing spinal curve
  • Uneven shoulders, waist, or hips
  • Back pain that worsens over time
  • Difficulty breathing or limited mobility
  • Concerns about posture or physical appearance

Early medical evaluation can help monitor the progression of scoliosis and determine the need for treatment.​

Your time with your doctor may be limited, so make sure to prepare for your visit beforehand. Here are some tips to help get you started.​

Diagnosing scoliosis typically involves the following steps:

  • Medical History Review: The doctor will ask about family history and any symptoms experienced.
  • Physical Examination: The doctor will check for visible spinal curvature, asymmetry in the shoulders and waist, and perform the Adam's forward bend test to observe the back.
  • Imaging Tests:
    • X-rays: The most common diagnostic tool used to measure the degree of spinal curvature (Cobb angle).
    • MRI or CT scans: In cases where underlying conditions such as tumors or congenital spinal abnormalities are suspected.

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the curvature, the patient's age, and the potential for further progression. Options include:

  • Observation: Mild cases (curves less than 20 degrees) may not require immediate treatment but should be monitored regularly to assess progression.
  • Bracing: For moderate scoliosis (between 20-40 degrees), bracing can help prevent the curve from worsening in growing children.
  • Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen core muscles and improve posture and flexibility.
  • Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers and exercises to alleviate discomfort.
  • Surgical Intervention: Severe cases (over 45 degrees) may require spinal fusion surgery to correct the curvature and stabilize the spine.​

The Aga Khan University Hospital offers various support services to help with managing or recovering from the disease or condition. These include but are not limited to nutrition, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, specialised clinics and some patient support groups. Your doctor or nurse will advise you accordingly.

The Aga Khan University Hospital offers financial assistance to those who are in need and fulfil the eligibility criteria. For further information, you can contact the Patient Welfare Department. You can find the contact number of the Patient Welfare Department in the 'Numbers' section on the website homepage.

The financial counselling staff is available during office hours, at the main PBSD (Patient Business Services Department), to answer your financial queries on treatment costs and authorise admissions on partial deposit as per hospital policies. The financial counsellor in the emergency room is open 24/7. You can find the contact number of the Patient Business Services in the 'Numbers' section on the website homepage.​

Your doctor or nurse will provide specific instructions regarding any prescribed medications. It is essential to follow their guidance carefully. Self-prescribing or altering medication without professional advice can be harmful. Inform your healthcare provider of any past adverse reactions to medications. If you experience symptoms of drug poisoning, overdose, or a severe reaction, contact the Pharmacy Services at The Aga Khan University Hospital immediately. The contact number is listed in the 'Important Numbers' section on the hospital's homepage.​
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The information provided on our website is for educational purposes and not intended to be a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other healthcare professional provider.​