​Spinal Cord Tumours

A spinal cord tumour is a cancerous or non-cancerous growth that develops within the spinal cord. These tumours may develop within the nerves of the spinal cord (intramedullary tumours), inside the coverings of the spinal cord, but outside the cord itself (intradural extramedullary tumours), in the bones of the spine (extradural spinal tumours) or some cancerous tumours may spread into the bones of the spine (vertebrae) from elsewhere in the body (secondary bone cancers). 

Most spinal cord cancers are secondary cancers, which arise from cancers in other organs of the body that have spread to the spinal cord. For instance, cancers of the lungs, breast, prostate, head and neck, thyroid, are a few examples of cancers that may spread to the spinal cord. Only in very few cases do the tumours originate in the spine rather than spread to the spine from somewhere else in the body. 

​Tumours in the spinal cord can be serious, leading to neurological disorders. In extreme cases, paralysis may also occur. Early diagnosis is important for ensuring minimum damage due to spinal cord tumours.​

Symptoms of spinal cord tumors can vary based on their size, type, and location. Some tumors grow slowly and cause mild or intermittent symptoms, while others may progress rapidly and lead to severe complications. Common symptoms include:

  • Persistent Back or Neck Pain: Often worsens at night and does not improve with rest. Pain may radiate to the arms or legs.
  • Numbness and Tingling: Sensory disturbances, often in the legs, arms, or torso.
  • Muscle Weakness: Gradual loss of strength in the limbs, leading to difficulty with walking and coordination.
  • Loss of Reflexes: Reduced or exaggerated reflex responses.
  • Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction: Loss of control over bladder or bowel movements due to spinal nerve compression.
  • Paralysis: Partial or complete loss of movement in the limbs depending on tumor location.
  • Spinal Deformities: In some cases, a visible or palpable lump along the spine.

If left untreated, spinal cord tumors can lead to permanent nerve damage and disability.

Consult our Neuro Surgery or Oncology experts if you experience:

  • Persistent back pain that is unrelated to physical activity and worsens over time.
  • Progressive weakness, numbness, or tingling in the arms or legs.
  • Difficulty walking or maintaining balance.
  • Changes in bladder or bowel habits, such as incontinence or retention.
  • Loss of coordination or frequent falls.

Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent irreversible nerve damage and improve outcomes.

Your time with your doctor may be limited, so make sure to prepare for your visit beforehand. Here are some tips to help get you started.​

Diagnosing a spinal cord tumor typically involves a combination of the following:

  • Physical and Neurological Examination: The doctor assesses muscle strength, reflexes, coordination, and sensory function to determine the impact of the tumor.
  • Imaging Tests:
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): The most sensitive imaging test, providing detailed views of the spinal cord and surrounding structures. Contrast dye is often used to enhance tumor visualization.
    • Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Provides cross-sectional images, useful in cases where MRI is not available.
    • X-rays: Can reveal changes in the spinal bones caused by tumors.
  • Biopsy: A sample of the tumor tissue may be taken surgically or through a minimally invasive technique to confirm the diagnosis and determine the tumor type.
Accurate diagnosis is essential to guide appropriate treatment planning.​

Treatment options for spinal cord tumors depend on factors such as tumor type, size, location, and overall health. Treatment approaches include:

  • Surgical Removal: The preferred option for tumors that can be safely accessed and removed without damaging the spinal cord. Advanced surgical techniques, such as microsurgery and intraoperative monitoring, help preserve nerve function.
  • Radiation Therapy: Used post-surgery to target remaining cancer cells or as a primary treatment for inoperable tumors. It can help shrink tumors and relieve symptoms.
  • Chemotherapy: Administered in cases of malignant tumors that respond to systemic treatment. Chemotherapy drugs may help slow or stop tumor growth.
  • Corticosteroids: Often prescribed to reduce inflammation and swelling around the spinal cord, relieving pressure and alleviating symptoms.
  • Rehabilitation Therapy: Physical and occupational therapy to regain strength, mobility, and function after treatment.

Treatment plans are individualized based on the patient's specific needs and overall prognosis.​

The Aga Khan University Hospital offers financial assistance to those who are in need and fulfil the eligibility criteria. For further information, you can contact the Patient Welfare Department. You can find the contact number of the Patient Welfare Department in the 'Numbers' section on the website homepage.

The financial counselling staff is available during office hours, at the main PBSD (Patient Business Services Department), to answer your financial queries on treatment costs and authorise admissions on partial deposit as per hospital policies. The financial counsellor in the emergency room is open 24/7. You can find the contact number of the Patient Business Services in the 'Numbers' section on the website homepage.​

Your doctor or nurse will provide specific instructions regarding any prescribed medications. It is essential to follow their guidance carefully. Self-prescribing or altering medication without professional advice can be harmful. Inform your healthcare provider of any past adverse reactions to medications. If you experience symptoms of drug poisoning, overdose, or a severe reaction, contact the Pharmacy Services at The Aga Khan University Hospital immediately. 
The contact number is listed in the 'Numbers' section on the hospital's homepage.
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The information provided on our website is for educational purposes and not intended to be a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other healthcare professional provider.