​Borderline Ovarian Tumours

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs), also known as tumors of low malignant potential, are a type of ovarian tumor that features abnormal cell growth but does not invade surrounding tissue like invasive ovarian cancer.

They account for approximately 15% to 20% of all ovarian tumors and are often diagnosed at an early stage, leading to a favorable prognosis. BOTs typically occur in younger women and are characterized by slow growth and a low risk of spreading. The exact cause of borderline ovarian tumors is unknown, but risk factors include a family history of ovarian cancer and hormonal imbalances.


Symptoms of borderline ovarian tumors may include:

  • Abdominal or pelvic pain
  • Bloating or a feeling of fullness
  • Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation
  • Frequent urination or urinary urgency
  • Unexplained weight changes
  • Irregular menstrual cycles​
Some cases of borderline ovarian tumors may be asymptomatic and detected incidentally during routine pelvic exams or imaging tests.​

Consult our Obstetrics and Gynaecology or Oncology experts if you experience:

  • Persistent abdominal bloating or swelling.
  • Ongoing pelvic pain or discomfort.
  • Unexplained changes in bowel or bladder habits.
  • A family history of ovarian or other gynecologic cancers.

Early diagnosis through routine gynaecologic screenings can lead to better treatment outcomes.

Your time with your doctor may be limited, so make sure to prepare for your visit beforehand. Here are some tips to help get you started.​​

Diagnosing borderline ovarian tumors involves:

  • Pelvic Examination: To check for lumps or abnormalities in the ovaries.
  • Ultrasound Imaging: To evaluate the size and structure of the tumor.
  • Blood Tests (CA-125): To detect markers that may indicate ovarian abnormalities.
  • CT or MRI Scans: To provide detailed images of the ovaries and surrounding tissues.
  • Biopsy: Surgical removal and examination of the tumor to confirm diagnosis.​

Treatment for borderline ovarian tumors depends on factors such as tumor size, location, and the patient's fertility goals. Treatment options include:

  • ​Surgical Removal: The primary treatment method, which may involve:
    • Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of one ovary and fallopian tube) for fertility preservation.
    • ​Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of both ovaries and the uterus) in more extensive cases.
  • Regular Monitoring: For low-risk tumors that do not require immediate surgery.
  • Follow-up Care: Periodic imaging and blood tests to monitor for recurrence.

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are generally not required for BOTs due to their low malignant potential.​

The Aga Khan University Hospital offers various support services to help with managing or recovering from the disease or condition. These include but are not limited to nutrition, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, specialised clinics and some patient support groups. Your doctor or nurse will advise you accordingly.

The Aga Khan University Hospital offers financial assistance to those who are in need and fulfil the eligibility criteria. For further information, you can contact the Patient Welfare Department. You can find the contact number of the Patient Welfare Department in the 'Numbers' section on the website homepage.

The financial counselling staff is available during office hours, at the main PBSD (Patient Business Services Department), to answer your financial queries on treatment costs and authorise admissions on partial deposit as per hospital policies. The financial counsellor in the emergency room is open 24/7. You can find the contact number of the Patient Business Services in the 'Numbers' section on the website homepage.​


Your doctor or nurse will provide specific instructions regarding any prescribed medications. It is essential to follow their guidance carefully. Self-prescribing or altering medication without professional advice can be harmful. Inform your healthcare provider of any past adverse reactions to medications. If you experience symptoms of drug poisoning, overdose, or a severe reaction, contact the Pharmacy Services at The Aga Khan University Hospital immediately. The contact number is listed in the 'Numbers' section on the hospital's homepage.Your doctor or nurse will provide specific instructions regarding any prescribed medications. It is essential to follow their guidance carefully. Self-prescribing or altering medication without professional advice can be harmful. Inform your healthcare provider of any past adverse reactions to medications. If you experience symptoms of drug poisoning, overdose, or a severe reaction, contact the Pharmacy Services at The Aga Khan University Hospital immediately. The contact number is listed in the 'Numbers' section on the hospital's homepage.​​
​

​The information provided on our website is for educational purposes and not intended to be a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or other healthcare professional provider. ​